Inyandiko
- Ibikorwa by'Ubushakashatsi Mpuzamahanga - Umubano Wacu Rusange
- Igice 1: Ositaraliya n'Abantu Bayo
- Igice 2: Ukwemera Gakondo muri Ositaraliya, Uburenganzira n'Ubuhezanguni
- Igice 3: Guverinoma n'Amategeko muri Ositaraliya
- Igice 4: Imiziranye y'Ositaraliya (Igice Gikomeye)
- Ibimenyetso by'Ositaraliya
- Ibyabaye Bikomeye mu Mateka
- Inyungu zo Kwiyungura Ikizamini
Ibiragwa Mpuzamahanga byo Kwigisha
Guverinoma y'Ositaraliya itanga igitabo cy'ubumenyi "Ubushubishirize bw'Ositaraliya: Ubumwe Bwacu" mu ndimi zitandukanye. Kuramo igitabo cyose kugirango ube uzi neza uko wakwiyungura ikizamini cy'ubushubishirize.
Igitabo Mpuzamahanga cyo Kwigisha - Icyongereza
Igitabo cy'ubumenyi cyose gifatwa nk'icyemewe cy'Ikizamini cy'Ubushubishirize bw'Ositaraliya. Ibi ni ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ushobora gukoresha mu kwiyungura ikizamini kuko cyakorwa mu Cyongereza.
Kuramo Igitabo cy'Icyongereza (14MB PDF)Uko Wakoresha Ibi Biragwa
Ibiragwa Mpuzamahanga
Koresha iyindi version y'Icyongereza nk'igitabo cy'ingenzi kuko ikizamini cyakorwa mu Cyongereza
Kwigisha mu Cyongereza
Kanda ku gisubizo mu Cyongereza kugirango ubyiyungure neza mu gihe cy'ikizamini
Inkunga y'Ururimi
Kuramo iyindi version mu rurimi rwawe kugirango uzi neza ibintu bikomeye
Kwitaho Imikorere
Wita cyane ku Igice 4 (Imiziranye y'Ositaraliya) - ugomba gutsinda ibibazo byose 5
Igitabo cyo Kwigisha Kiri mu Ndimi Zindi
Witegure Gushaka Ubumenyi Bwawe?
Ubu ko ufite ibimenyetso by'ubumenyi, koresha ibibazo byacu byo kwiyungura ubushubishirize bifatwe mu gitabo "Ubumwe Bwacu".
Igice 1: Ositaraliya n'Abantu bayo
Abantu Banyamahanga n'Abatuye Izinga rya Torres
Abantu b'Abanyamabanga n'Abanyagatare Torres bari abaturage ba mbere b'Ositaraliya, bafite umuco utangaje uva kuri 50,000 kugeza kuri 65,000 y'amezi. Ni bo bafite umuco ukomoka cyane.
Inkuru Nkuru:
- Abantu b'Ibanze batuye mu butaka bwa Ositaraliya n'i Tasimaniya
- Abantu b'Amajyepfo ya Toreresi bava mu birwa biri hagati ya Kwinsirandi na Papuwa Gineya Nshya
- Hari amatsinda menshi y'Abantu n'Indimi
- Bafise isano ryihariye n'isi
- Guverinoma y'Ositaraliya ibaha agaciro ko kuba Abasekuruza
Iyobokamwo ry'Abanyamahanga
Ubuturage bw'Abanyamurango watangiye ku ya 26 Mutarama 1788 igihe First Fleet yaturutse muri Bwongereza. Kapiteni Arthur Phillip yatangije intara ya mbere i Sydney Cove.
Iminsi Mikuru:
- 1788: Urugendo rwa Mbere ruza n'abacakara n'abasivili
- 1851: Gutanga Zahabu gutangira, byateje impagarara y'abantu
- 1901: Guhuza - Amashirahamwe atandatu ahinduka Repubulika y'Ositaraliya
- 1967: Umushikirano wo kwinjiza Abantu b'Ibanze mu gitabo cy'abaturage
Intara n'Imitwe ya Ubushinwa
Ositaraliya ifite ibihugu 6 n'ibihugu 2 by'imbere:
| State/Territory | Capital City | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|
| New South Wales (NSW) | Sydney | First colony, largest population |
| Victoria (VIC) | Melbourne | Smallest mainland state, second largest population |
| Queensland (QLD) | Brisbane | Second largest state, Great Barrier Reef |
| Western Australia (WA) | Perth | Largest state, mining industry |
| South Australia (SA) | Adelaide | Wine regions, Festival State |
| Tasmania (TAS) | Hobart | Island state, natural wilderness |
| Australian Capital Territory (ACT) | Canberra | National capital, seat of government |
| Northern Territory (NT) | Darwin | Uluru, large Indigenous population |
Igice 2: Ibitekerezo by'Idemokarasi, Uburenganzira n'Ubwizera bw'Ositaraliya
Demokarasi ya Parlementi
Ositaraliya ni demokarasi ya parlementi ifatwa ku buryo bwa Westminster. Ibi bivuga:
- Abaturage barahitamwo abategeka
- Ishirahamwe risusurutse rifata guverinoma
- Perezida w'Inguvu ni umuyobozi w'Guverinoma
- Amategeko aganirwaho kandi ashyirwaho mu Nteko
Itegeko Ry'Ubutabera
Buri wese mu Ositaraliya agomba kurikiza amategeko, harimo:
- Abakozi ba Guverinoma n'Abapolisi
- Abayobozi b'Itorero
- Abayobozi b'Idini
- Abaturage n'Abaturanyi bose
Ntawe uri hejuru y'amategeko mu Ositaraliya.
Kubaho mu Amahoro
Abanyaositaraliya biyemeje gutura mu mahoro. Ibi birimo:
- Kwanga ihohoterwa nk'inzira yo guhindura ibitekerezo by'abantu cyangwa amategeko
- Gukoresha inzira za demokarasi mu guhindura
- Kubabarira ibitekerezo by'abandi nubwo utabyemera
Guhitamo Buri Muntu
Mu Ositaraliya, buri wese afite agaciro atari kubera:
- Aho ava
- Ururimi
- Igitsina
- Imiterere y'urukurikirane
- Imyaka
- Ubumuga
- Idini
Ubwisanzure mu Bushinwa
Ubwisanzure bwo Kuvuga n'Ukwiyumvisha
Abantu bashobora kugaragaza ibitekerezo byabo no gusuzuma ibibazo, igihe batayica amategeko yo gukosora cyangwa gutera intambara.
Ubwisanzure bwo Guhuza
Abantu bafite ubuzima bwo kwinjira cyangwa gusohoka mu itsinda, igihe ari ryo ryemewe.
Ubwisanzure bwo Kwizera
Ositaraliya nta dini ifite. Abantu bashobora guherekeza indi dini cyangwa nta dini. Amategeko y'idini ntayo afite agaciro mu Ositaraliya.
Igice 3: Guverinoma n'Amategeko mu Ositaraliya
Itegeko Mpuzamahanga rya Ubushinwa
Itegeko Nshinga ni inyandiko y'amategeko ya mbere mu Ositaraliya. Iragira:
- Irahirira Inteko, Guverinoma, n'Inkiko
- Igabanya Inguvu hagati y'Igihugu n'Intara
- Ntishobora guhindurwa uretse mu mushikirano
- Iringaniza uburenganzira bwinshi, nk'ubuhezanguni bw'idini
Inzego Eshatu z'Ubuyobozi
1. Guverinoma Mpuzamahanga (Ubushinwa)
Inshingano:
- Igwanira
- Imigration n'ubwenegihugu
- Ibikorwa by'Hanze
- Ubucuruzi
- Amafaranga
- Ubwizigame Rusange
2. Guverinoma z'Intara n'Imitwe
Inshingano:
- Amashuri n'Uburezi
- Ibitaro n'Ubuzima
- Abapolisi
- Inzira n'Umuhanda
- Gutwara abantu
3. Guverinoma Yo Mu Karere (Amashyirahamwe)
Inshingano:
- Inzira z'Umudugudu n'Inzira z'Amagare
- Ibirunga n'Ibikorwa by'Umutekano
- Gukusanya Ibitagira umumaro
- Uruhushya rwo kubaka
- Amashuri Rusange
Gushyira Hamwe Ubuyobozi
| Branch | Role | Key People/Bodies |
|---|---|---|
|
Legislative
(Parliament) |
Makes laws |
House of Representatives
Senate |
|
Executive
(Government) |
Implements laws |
Prime Minister
Ministers Government departments |
|
Judicial
(Courts) |
Interprets laws |
High Court
Federal Courts State Courts |
Igice 4: Imikorere y'Ositaraliya (Igice Gikomeye)
⚠️ BYIBUZE: Ugomba gusubiza neza ibibazo 5 by'imiziranye y'Ositaraliya kugirango utsinde ikizamini!
Imikorere Mpuzamahanga ya Ubushinwa
1. Guhitamo Ubwisanzure n'Agaciro k'Umuntu
- Ubwizera bwo kuvuga (mu ngenderwaho z'amategeko)
- Ubwizera bwo kwizera no kuba Leta idaharanira idini
- Ubwizera bwo guhuza
- Inkunga y'idemokarasi ya Parlementi
2. Ubwisanzure bwo Kwizera
- Ositaraliya ntayo ifite idini y'igihugu
- Abantu bafite ubwizera bwo kwizera idini runaka cyangwa kutayizera
- Imikorere y'idini ntizigera ihungabanya amategeko y'Ositaraliya
- Amategeko y'idini ntayo afite agaciro mu Ositaraliya
3. Kwemera Itegeko Ry'Ubutabera
- Abanyositaraliya bose bagomba kurikiza amategeko
- Ntawe uri hejuru y'amategeko
- Imikorere y'idini cyangwa y'umuco ntizigera ihungabanya amategeko
- Igerageza ryo guhindura amategeko cyangwa ibitekerezo bivunanye ntabwo ari ngombwa
4. Demokarasi ya Parlementi
- Amategeko ategurwa na Parlementi yatoranyijwe
- Amategeko ashobora guhindurwa gusa mu buryo bw'idemokarasi
- Ububasha buva ku bantu mu matora
- Gutora mu mahoro mu buryo bw'idemokarasi
5. Ubushubishirize bw'Abantu Bose
- Uburenganzira bwubahwa ku bagabo n'abagore
- Amahirwe angana ku bantu bose
- Nta guhuzaguza kubera igitsina, ubwoko, cyangwa idini
- Uburenganzira bwubahwa ku buri wese
Icyongereza nk'Ururimi rw'Igihugu
Nubwo Ositaraliya yishimira ubwiza, Icyongereza ni ururimi rw'igihugu kandi rufasha guhuza Abanyaositaraliya bose. Kwiga Icyongereza bifasha:
- Kwiga
- Gushaka akazi
- Kwinjira mu muryango
- Gutora mu buzima bw'Ositaraliya
Ibihamya by'Ositaraliya
Ibendera ry'Ositaraliya
Ibendera ry'Ositaraliya rifite:
- Ibendera rya Union Jack: Riragaragaza aho hari imiyoboro n'u Bwongereza
- Inyenyeri ya Commonwealth: Imibare 7 iragaragaza ibice 6 by'igihugu n'imitwe
- Akarago ka Southern Cross: Inyenyeri ziri mu kirere cy'ubuseruko
Indirimbo y'Igihugu y'Ositaraliya
"Advance Australia Fair"
Imirongo yo kubara:
- "Abanyositaraliya twese dukomeze gusenga, Kuko turi rumwe kandi dukize"
- "Twari dufite ubutaka bw'izahabu n'umutungo wo gukorera"
- "Igihugu cyacu gifite ibintu byinshi by'Imana"
- "Mu mateka, buri gihe, Ositaraliya izagenda imbere"
Armoiries y'Ubutegetsi Mpuzamahanga
Ibimenyetso:
- Kangaroo na Emu: Inyamaswa z'igihugu zidashobora gunyura inyuma (biragaragaza iterambere)
- Igitabo: Gifite ibyapa by'ibice 6 by'igihugu
- Inyenyeri ya Commonwealth y'umutuku: Hejuru y'igitabo
- Imbuto ya Golden Wattle: Imbuto y'igihugu y'Ositaraliya
Imyanya y'Igihugu y'Ositaraliya
Icatutsi n'Umuhondo - yafashwe ku mwotsi w'umuhondo, imbuto y'igihugu y'Ositaraliya
Iminsi Mikuru y'Igihugu
| Holiday | Date | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Australia Day | 26 January | Anniversary of First Fleet arrival (1788) |
| Anzac Day | 25 April | Remembers sacrifice of Australian and New Zealand forces |
| Queen's Birthday | Second Monday in June | Celebrates official birthday of monarch |
Ibyabaye Mu Mateka
1788
First Fleet iragera i Sydney Cove ku ya 26 Mutarama
1851
Imyaka yo gushaka zahabu itangira, igeza imigaragarire y'abantu mu isi yose
1901
Ubumwe - ibihugu 6 byiyunga kugira ngo bagende hamwe (ku ya 1 Mutarama)
1915
Ingabo za ANZAC zinjira i Gallipoli (ku ya 25 Mata)
1945
Iherezo ry'Intambara ya Isi ya Kabiri, itangira gushyira abantu mu gihugu
1967
Referendum yemejwe yo gushyira Abanyamabanga mu ibarura
Abantu Bakomeye
- Kapiteni James Cook: Yatanze integuza y'iburasirazuba bw'Ositaraliya mu 1770
- Kapiteni Arthur Phillip: Perezida wa mbere, yatangije umurwa wa Sydney
- Sir Edmund Barton: Perezida wa mbere w'Ositaraliya
- Sir Donald Bradman: Umukinnyi wa mbere wa cricket
- Howard Florey: Yatunganyije penicilline nk'umuti
Inyungu zo Kwiga
Uburyo bwo Kwiga
- Utangire n'Imikorere: Wige ibizamini 5 by'imikorere y'Ositaraliya mbere
- Koresha Ibirebana: Uhuze ibizamini byacu n'ibyemewe n'igihugu
- Wige Buri Munsi: Iminota 85 buri munsi ni byiza kuruta kwiga vuba
- Wige mu Cyongereza: Niba ugerageza kwiga mu rurimi rwawe
- Kwitaho Kwibona: Ntugomba gusa kubika mu bwenge - uzi ibyo ugerageza
Amakosa Asanzwe yo Kurinda
- Kutiga neza imikorere y'Ositaraliya
- Guhangayika hagati y'inzego z'igihugu n'iz'umutwe
- Guhangayika n'igihe cy'amateka
- Kutamenya icyo ari cyo amategeko
- Gukora vuba cyane utabifuriza