Inyandiko
- Inyandiko Zifasha mu Kwiga - Ubumwe Bwacu
- Igice 1: Ositaraliya n'Abantu bayo
- Igice 2: Ukwemera Demokarasi, Uburenganzira n'Ubwuzuzanye bya Ositaraliya
- Igice 3: Guverinoma n'Amategeko mu Ositaraliya
- Igice 4: Imiziranye y'Abanyositaraliya (Igice Gikomeye)
- Ibimenyetso by'Ositaraliya
- Ibyerekeye Ibyabaye Bikomeye mu Mateka
- Inyungu zo Kwiyungura Ikizamini
Ibyapa by'Ubushakashatsi Bwemewe
Guverinoma y'Ositaraliya itanga urwandiko rwo kwiga rwemerwe "Ubwenegihugu bw'Ositaraliya: Umubano Wacu" mu ndimi zitandukanye. Kuramo urwandiko rwo kwiga kugirango ube uzi neza amakuru yo mu kizamini cy'ubwenegihugu.
Urwandiko rw'Ubushakashatsi Rukuru - Icyongereza
Urwandiko rwo kwiga rwemerwe kuri Ikizamini c'Ubwenegihugu bw'Ositaraliya. Ibi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi wokwiga mbere yo gukora ikizamini.
Kuramo Inyandiko y'Icyongereza (14MB PDF)Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Ibi Bibazo
Ikintu cy'Ingenzi
Koresha iyandikishwa mu Cyongereza nk'urwandiko rwo kwiga rukuru kubera ko ikizamini gikozwe mu Cyongereza
Kwiga mu Cyongereza
Kanda kwiga gusubiza ibibazo mu Cyongereza kugirango ubyibanze ku kizamini nyakuri
Inkunga y'Ururimi
Kuramo iyandikishwa mu rurimi rwawe kugirango uzi neza ibintu bikomeye
Kureba ku Nteruro
Kureba neza mu Igice 4 (Interuro z'Ositaraliya) - ugomba gusubiza neza ibibazo 5 byose
Urwandiko rwo Kwiga Ruhari mu Ndimi Zindi
Witegure Gushaka Ubumenyi Bwawe?
Ubu ufite inyandiko z'ubushakashatsi bwemewe, kora ikizamini cy'ubwenegihugu mu byo twanditse mu rwandiko rwa "Umubano Wacu".
Igice 1: Ositaraliya n'Abantu bayo
Abantu Bera n'Abashinzwe Amajyepfo
Abantu Bera n'Abashinzwe Amajyepfo ni abatangiye gutura Ositaraliya, bafite umuco ukomoka hagati ya 50,000 na 65,000 y'imyaka. Ni bo bafite umuco ukomoka cyane.
Inkuru Nkuru:
- Abaturage ba mbere baturaga mu butaka bwa Ositaraliya n'i Tasimaniya
- Abaturage ba Torres Strait bakomoka ku bisate hagati ya Queensland na Papua New Guinea
- Hari amoko menshi y'amatorero n'ururimi
- Bafite isano y'umwuka n'ubutaka
- Guverinoma y'Ositaraliya ibaha agaciro ko kuba Abanyositaraliya ba mbere
Ubukoloni bw'Abanyamahanga
Ubukoloni bw'Abanyamahanga watangiye ku ya 26 Mutarama 1788 igihe First Fleet yaturutse muri Bwongereza. Kapiteni Arthur Phillip yatangije intara ya mbere i Sydney Cove.
Igihe Cy'Ingenzi:
- 1788: Intambara ya mbere iragera hamwe n'abacakara n'abasirikare
- 1851: Gutanga zahabu gutangira, byateje impagarara y'abantu
- 1901: Guhuza - amashirahamwe atandatu ahinduka Repubulika y'Ositaraliya
- 1967: Referendum yo kwinjiza Abanyamahanga mu ibarura
Intara n'Uturere tw'Ositaraliya
Ositaraliya ifite intara 6 n'uturere 2 tw'imbere:
| State/Territory | Capital City | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|
| New South Wales (NSW) | Sydney | First colony, largest population |
| Victoria (VIC) | Melbourne | Smallest mainland state, second largest population |
| Queensland (QLD) | Brisbane | Second largest state, Great Barrier Reef |
| Western Australia (WA) | Perth | Largest state, mining industry |
| South Australia (SA) | Adelaide | Wine regions, Festival State |
| Tasmania (TAS) | Hobart | Island state, natural wilderness |
| Australian Capital Territory (ACT) | Canberra | National capital, seat of government |
| Northern Territory (NT) | Darwin | Uluru, large Indigenous population |
Igice 2: Ukwemera Demokarasi, Uburenganzira n'Ubwuzuzanye bya Ositaraliya
Demokarasi ya Parlementi
Ositaraliya ni demokarasi ya parlementi ikaba iri mu buryo bwa Westminster. Ibi bivuga:
- Abaturage batoye abategeka mu Parlementi
- Ishyaka cyangwa itsinda rifite benshi rigira Guverinoma
- Perezida w'Imitwe y'Ibihugu ni umuyobozi wa Guverinoma
- Amategeko aganirwaho kandi ashyirwaho mu Parlementi
Itegeko Ry'Ubutabera
Buri wese mu Ositaraliya agomba kurikiza itegeko, harimo:
- Abakozi ba Guverinoma n'Abapolisi
- Abayobozi b'Itorero
- Abayobozi b'Idini
- Abaturage n'abaturanyi bose
Ntawe uri hejuru y'itegeko mu Ositaraliya.
Kubaho mu Rukundo
Abaositaraliya bemera kubaho mu rukundo. Ibi birimo:
- Kwanga ihohoterwa nk'inzira yo guhindura ibitekerezo by'abantu cyangwa amategeko
- Gukoresha inzira za Demokarasi mu guhindura
- Kubabarira ibitekerezo by'abandi nubwo utabyemeye
Guhitamo Buri Muntu
Mu Ositaraliya, buri wese afite agaciro, nta ngenderwaho:
- Aho ava cyangwa umuco
- Ururimi
- Igitsina
- Imiterere y'urukwavu
- Imyaka
- Ubumuga
- Idini
Ubwizere bw'Ositaraliya
Ubwizere bwo Kuvuga n'Ukwandika
Abantu bashobora kuvuga ibitekerezo byabo kandi baganire ku bibazo, igihe batayabuza itegeko ryo gukosora cyangwa gukangurira ihohoterwa.
Ubwizere bwo Kwiyunga
Abantu bafite ubwizere bwo kwiyunga cyangwa gusohoka mu itsinda, igihe ari ryo ryemewe.
Ubwizere bwo Kwizera
Ositaraliya ntago ifite idini ryihariye. Abantu bashobora gukurikiza idini ryose cyangwa kutarya idini. Amategeko y'idini ntago ari ay'ingenzi mu Ositaraliya.
Igice 3: Guverinoma n'Amategeko mu Ositaraliya
Itegeko Nshinga rya Ositaraliya
Itegeko Nshinga ni inyandiko y'ingenzi mu Ositaraliya. Ibi bivuga:
- Ihamagarira Parlementi, Guverinoma, n'Inkiko
- Guhindura ubukungu hagati ya Guverinoma y'Igihugu n'Intara
- Bishobora guhindurwa gusa mu referendum
- Iringaniza uburenganzira nka bwo kwizera
Inzego Eshatu z'Ubutegetsi
1. Guverinoma y'Igihugu (Guverinoma Ikuru)
Inshingano:
- Ubutumwa
- Imigration n'ubwenegihugu
- Ibikorwa by'ahandi
- Ubucuruzi n'ikoranabuhanga
- Amafaranga
- Ubwisanzure bw'Imiryango
2. Guverinoma z'Intara n'Uturere
Inshingano:
- Amashuri n'uburezi
- Ibitaro n'ubuzima
- Abapolisi
- Ziriya n'imihanda
- Gutwara abantu
3. Guverinoma y'Aho Abantu Batuye (Amashyirahamwe)
Inshingano:
- Ziriya z'uturere n'imihanda
- Ibirunga n'ibikorwa by'umutekano
- Gukusanya ibikoresho
- Uruhushya rwo kubaka
- Amashuri y'ibitabo
Gushyira Hamwe Uburenganzira
| Branch | Role | Key People/Bodies |
|---|---|---|
|
Legislative
(Parliament) |
Makes laws |
House of Representatives
Senate |
|
Executive
(Government) |
Implements laws |
Prime Minister
Ministers Government departments |
|
Judicial
(Courts) |
Interprets laws |
High Court
Federal Courts State Courts |
Igice 4: Imiziranye y'Abanyositaraliya (Igice Gikomeye)
⚠️ INGENZI: Ugomba gusubiza neza ibibazo 5 byose by'Interuro z'Ositaraliya kugirango utsinde ikizamini!
Interuro Nkuru z'Ositaraliya
1. Guhitamo Ubwizere n'Agaciro k'Umuntu
- Ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga (mu nyungu z'amategeko)
- Ubwisanzure bwo kwizera n'Idini ridaharanira Guverinoma
- Ubwisanzure bwo guhuza
- Gushyigikira Demokarasi ya Parlementi
2. Ubwizere bwo Kwizera
- Ositaraliya ntago ifite Idini ry'Igihugu
- Abantu bafite ubwisanzure bwo gukurikiza Idini cyangwa kutabikora
- Imyifatire y'Idini ntikwiye guhungabanya amategeko y'Ositaraliya
- Amategeko y'Idini ntago afite agaciro mu Ositaraliya
3. Kwemera Itegeko Ry'Ubutabera
- Abanyositaraliya bose bagomba gukurikiza amategeko
- Ntawe uri hejuru y'amategeko
- Imyifatire y'Idini cyangwa y'umuco ntikwiye guhungabanya amategeko
- Ihohoterwa ntabwo ari igisubizo mu guhindura amategeko cyangwa ibitekerezo
4. Demokarasi ya Parlementi
- Amategeko ashyirwaho na Parlementi yatoranyijwe
- Amategeko ashobora guhindurwa gusa mu nzira ya Demokarasi
- Ubukungu buva ku bantu mu matora
- Kwemera kandi gukora mu nzira ya Demokarasi
5. Kubura Umwe n'Umwe Agaciro
- Uburenganzira bwiwe ku bagabo n'abagore
- Amahirwe angana kubera aho ava
- Nta guhuzaguza kubera igitsina, isirayeli, cyangwa Idini
- Kugira 'icyo ushaka' buri wese
Icyongereza nk'Ururimi rw'Igihugu
Nubwo Ositaraliya yemera ubwiyunge, Icyongereza ni ururimi rw'igihugu kandi rufasha guhuza Abaositaraliya bose. Kwiga Icyongereza bifasha:
- Kwiga
- Gushaka akazi
- Kwinjira mu Itorero
- Kwemera ubuzima bw'Ositaraliya
Ibimenyetso by'Ositaraliya
Ibendera ry'Ositaraliya
Ibendera ry'Ositaraliya rifite:
- Union Jack: Uburemere bw'Ubwongereza
- Inyenyeri ya Commonwealth: Ibyerekeye intara n'amashirahamwe atandatu
- Southern Cross: Inyenyeri ziri mu Nyanja y'Amajyepfo
Indirimbo y'Igihugu y'Ositaraliya
"Advance Australia Fair"
Imirongo yo kubara:
- "Abanyositaraliya twese tubabarire, Kuko turi rumwe kandi dufite ubwisanzure"
- "Twagize ubutaka bw'izahabu n'umutungo wo gukora"
- "Ubutaka bwacu bufite ibihembo by'Imana"
- "Mu mateka, buri gihe, Ositaraliya izagenda imbere"
Ikimenyetso cy'Igihugu
Ibimenyetso:
- Kangaroo n'Emu: Inyamaswa zo mu Ositaraliya zidashobora gunyura inyuma (bivuga imbere)
- Igitabo: Gifite ibimenyetso by'intara zitandatu
- Inyenyeri ya Commonwealth y'Izahabu: Hejuru y'igitabo
- Golden Wattle: Imbuto y'Ositaraliya
Imyanya y'Igihugu y'Ositaraliya
Icatsi n'Icyatsi Kibisi - yafashwe ku mpundu y'umuhondo, imbuto y'igihugu y'Ositaraliya
Iminsi Mikuru y'Igihugu
| Holiday | Date | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Australia Day | 26 January | Anniversary of First Fleet arrival (1788) |
| Anzac Day | 25 April | Remembers sacrifice of Australian and New Zealand forces |
| Queen's Birthday | Second Monday in June | Celebrates official birthday of monarch |
Ibyerekeye Ibyabaye Bikomeye mu Mateka
1788
Ikigega cya Mbere kigera ku Mucanga wa Sydney ku wa 26 Mutarama
1851
Ibishushanyo by'izahabu bitangira, biteza imivurungano y'abimukira iva mu mahanga yose
1901
Iyobokamisi - amashami atandatu y'ubukoloni yiyunga kugira ngo hashingwe Repubulika y'u Butaliyani (ku wa 1 Mutarama)
1915
Ingabo za ANZAC zimanuka i Gallipoli (ku wa 25 Mata)
1945
Iherezo ry'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi, itangira ry'gahunda yo gukusanya abimukira
1967
Referandumu yemejwe kugira ngo abanyamahanga babarirwe mu ibarura
Abantu Bakomeye
- Kapiteni James Cook: Yatangaje ko Ubwongereza bufite intara y'iburasirazuba mu 1770
- Kapiteni Arthur Phillip: Umuyobozi wa mbere, yatangije itorero rya Sydney
- Sir Edmund Barton: Perezida wa mbere w'Ositaraliya
- Sir Donald Bradman: Umukinnyi wa mbere wa cricket
- Howard Florey: Yatunganyije penicillin nk'umuti
Inyungu zo Kwiyungura Ikizamini
Gahunda yo Kwiga
- Utangire n'Imiziranye: Wige ibibazo 5 by'Imiziranye y'Ositaraliya mbere
- Koresha Ibikorwa Byinshi: Kuganisha ibyegeranyo byacu n'ibyanditswe byihariye
- Wige Buri Munsi: Iminota 85 buri munsi ni byiza kuruta gukuramo
- Wige mu Cyongereza: Nubwo ugerageza mu rurimi rwawe
- Kwitaho Gukurikirana: Ntugomba gusa kubika, ariko no gukurikirana
Amakosa Yo Kurinda
- Kutiga neza Imiziranye y'Ositaraliya
- Guhangayika hagati y'inshingano z'Intara n'Igihugu
- Guhangayika n'igihe cyabaye
- Kutamenya neza iby'amategeko
- Gukuramo vuba utabaze neza