Isishintsho Sokufunda
- Amachazamshini Okufunda Esivikela - Ubunye Bethu
- Ingxenye 1: I-Australia Nabantu Bayo
- Ingxenye 2: Inkolo Yase-Australia Yenkululeko, Amalungelo Nobulungisa
- Ingxenye 3: Uhulumeni Nomthetho Ase-Australia
- Ingxenye 4: Amasiko Ase-Australia (Ingxenye Ebalulekile)
- Izimpawu Zase-Australia
- Izimo Zembala Ezibalulekile
- Amachazamshini Okugqibela Uhlobo
Amaphepha Okufunda Ayisisekelo
UMkhandlu wase-Australia uthotha incazelo yokufunda esivikela "Ubuchule Bendabuko yase-Australia: Isivikela Sethu Esijwayelene" ngezilimi eziningi. Landa incazelo ephelele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ufunda ulwazi olucacile ngokwesiqu sakho sokuqasha.
Isikhungo Sokufunda Esiyisisekelo - IsiNgisi
Incazelo ephelele yesivikela sokufunda sesiqu sokuqasha sase-Australia. Lokhu kuwona mthombo oyisivikela esidala okufanele usisebenzise ukuphenya ukuhlola njengoba uhlola wenziwa ngesiNgisi.
Landa Isiqephu Sokufunda NgesiNgisi (14MB PDF)Ukusebenzisa Lawa Maphepha
Isisekelo Sokufunda
Sebenzisa uhlobo lwesiNgisi njengesivikela sakho sokufunda ngoba uhlola wenziwa ngesiNgisi
Ukufunda ngesiNgisi
Hlala ufundiswa ukuphendula imibuzo ngesiNgisi ukuze uqalise uhlola olwenziwa
Ukuxhaswa Kolimi
Landa uhlobo lwesiNgisi sakho sokufunda ukuze ufunde izimo ezinzima
Qondisisa Izinga
Qaphela kahle iNdawo 4 (Izinhloso zase-Australia) - kufanele ufake yonke emibuzo emihlanu ngempumelelo
Isikhungo Sokufunda Sitholakala Ngezinye Izilimi
Ulungele Ukuhlola Ulwazi Lwakho?
Manje sewunendabuko yokufunda izivikela ezisivikela, fundiswa ngamahlola ethu amahhala esiqu sokuqasha esihamba ngencazelo yethu Esivikela.
Ingxenye 1: I-Australia Nabantu Bayo
Abantu Abangama-Aboriginal naseToris Strait
Abantu abangama-Aboriginal nase-Torres Strait Islander ngabakuqala abahlali base-Australia, noma iqhaza eliyingcindezi elide libe khona phakathi kweminyaka engu-50,000 noma engu-65,000. Baba ngabaphathi bendabuko yokuphila esidala kakhulu emhlabeni.
Izincazelo Ezibalulekile:
- Abantu abangabakhona bahlala kuyo yonke i-Australia enkulu naseTasmania
- Abantu base-Torres Strait bafika eziqeshini phakathi kwe-Queensland nase-Papua New Guinea
- Bekukho amakhono amaningi ahlukene namaqembu olwimi
- Bane isixhakaxhaka esiphakade nesipirithwala nomhlaba
- UHulumeni wase-Australia ubamba indawo yabo eyisingatha njengamasingathaokuqala
Ukuhlala Kwe-European
Ukuhlala kwabamhlophe kwaqala mhla zingu-26 Januwari 1788 lapho uMfuti Wokuqala wafika eNgilandi. UKapteni Arthur Phillip waqamba indawo yokuhlala yokuqala eSydney Cove.
Izinsuku Ezibalulekile:
- 1788: I-First Fleet ifika namacala namajoni
- 1851: Ukuqhamuka kwegolide, kubangela ukufinyelela kwabantu abaningi
- 1901: Ukubambisana - izimbuso ezintandathu zihlanganisa ukwenza i-Commonwealth yase-Australia
- 1967: Ukuvota ukufaka abantu abangabakhona encazelo
Amazwe neMiphakathi ye-Australia
I-Australia inemiphakathi emihlanu namaphondo amabili:
| State/Territory | Capital City | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|
| New South Wales (NSW) | Sydney | First colony, largest population |
| Victoria (VIC) | Melbourne | Smallest mainland state, second largest population |
| Queensland (QLD) | Brisbane | Second largest state, Great Barrier Reef |
| Western Australia (WA) | Perth | Largest state, mining industry |
| South Australia (SA) | Adelaide | Wine regions, Festival State |
| Tasmania (TAS) | Hobart | Island state, natural wilderness |
| Australian Capital Territory (ACT) | Canberra | National capital, seat of government |
| Northern Territory (NT) | Darwin | Uluru, large Indigenous population |
Ingxenye 2: Inkolo Yedemokrasi, Amalungelo Nobukhokhelo Base-Australia
Uhlaka Lwamaphalamende
I-Australia iyidemokrasi yashiphakamayo esebenzisa inkambiso yase-Westminster. Lokhu kusho:
- Abantu abangamaphakathi bakhethela abaphathi ukuba babe embhalweni
- Iqembu noma umbutho onamandla wenza uhulumeni
- UNgqongqoshe Mkulu uyikhona indlu yohulumeni
- Imithetho ixoxwa futhi iphasiswe embhalweni
Umthetho Wokusebenza
Wonke umuntu e-Australia kufanele ulandele umthetho, kubandakanya:
- Abaphathi buhulumeni nabaphoyisa
- Abaholwa besizwe
- Abaholwa benkolo
- Bonke abantu abangamaphakathi nabahlali
Akekho umuntu ophezulu komthetho e-Australia.
Ukuphila Ngoxolo
Abantu base-Australia baqinisekisa ukuphila ngokuthula ndawonye. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Ukwala ukusebenzisa amandla ukushintsha ingqondo zabantu noma umthetho
- Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zenkululeko zokushintsha
- Ukubamba iqhaza ngokwesijwayezwayo noma ngaphandle kokusivikela
Ukuhlonipha Wonke Umuntu
E-Australia, wonke umuntu udingeka ukuhlonyelwa ngaphandle kokuhlukana:
- Isimo noma inhlalo
- Ulwimi
- Ubulili
- Ukuzihlalela komuntu
- Iminyaka
- Ukungakwazi
- Inkolo
Amalungelo e-Australia
Inkululeko Yokusho Nokwazisa
Abantu bangachaza izincazelo zabo baxoxe izinkinga, ngaphandle kokwenza amacala emthetho wokuchaza noma ukuvusa ukuxabana.
Inkululeko Yokuhlanganisa
Abantu bakhululekile ukuba noma baphume noma yiluphi uhlobo, uma lulungile ngokwemthetho.
Inkululeko Yenkolo
I-Australia ayinalo lulwimi lwesifiso. Abantu bangalandela noma yiluphi ulwimi noma kungabi nolwimi. Imithetho yolwimi alukho ngokwemthetho e-Australia.
Ingxenye 3: Uhulumeni Nomthetho e-Australia
Umthethosisekelo we-Australia
Isisekelo siyikhona idokhumenti yomthetho ebalulekile kakhulu yase-Australia. Senza:
- Isungulwa Umbuso, Uhulumeni, Namacala
- Yabelana amandla phakathi kwezimbuso zesizwe nezimbuso zesifunda
- Ingashintshwa kuphela ngokuvota
- Ivikela ezinye zamalungelo, njengenkululeko yenkolo
Izingqinamba Ezintathu Zohulumeni
1. Uhulumeni Wesizwe (Wezwe)
Izibopho:
- Ukuvikela
- Ukufinyelela nokuba ngumphakathi
- Izimfuno zangaphandle
- Ukuthengisana nokudayisa
- Imali
- Ukusiza ngokwezimali
2. Amahhovisi Ezwe Namaphakade
Izibopho:
- Izikole nezifundo
- Amaspithala nempilo
- Amaphoyisa
- Izindlela zamakala namaqhekeza
- Ukuthutha komphakathi
3. Uhulumeni Wendawo (Amakhansela)
Izibopho:
- Izindlela zasekuhlaleni namaphetshisi
- Amapulazi nendawo zokudala
- Ukuqoqa izinto ezingcolile
- Amaphepha okwakha
- Amalibrari asekuhlaleni
Ukwahluleka Kwamandla
| Branch | Role | Key People/Bodies |
|---|---|---|
|
Legislative
(Parliament) |
Makes laws |
House of Representatives
Senate |
|
Executive
(Government) |
Implements laws |
Prime Minister
Ministers Government departments |
|
Judicial
(Courts) |
Interprets laws |
High Court
Federal Courts State Courts |
Ingxenye 4: Izinga Lase-Australia (Ingxenye Ebalulekile)
⚠️ OKUBALULEKILE: KUFANELE UPHENDULE YONKE IMIBUZO EMIHLANU YEZINHLOSO ZASE-AUSTRALIA NGEMPUMELELO UKUZE UPHASE UHLOLO!
Izinga Lezenzo Zase-Australia
1. Ukuhlonipha Inkululeko Nobuntu Bomuntu
- Inkululeko yokusho (ngaphakathi kwezimuva zomthetho)
- Inkululeko yenkolo kanye nomkhandlu ongenabala
- Inkululeko yokubambisana
- Ukukhuthaza udemokrasi wephalamende
2. Inkululeko Yenkolo
- I-Australia ayinayo inkolo yesizwe esivikela
- Abantu bakhululekile ukulandela noma bengalandeli noma yimuphi umkhuleko
- Izinqubo zenkolo kumele zingaphuli imithetho ye-Australia
- Imithetho yenkolo ayinalo isimo somthetho e-Australia
3. Ukuzibophezela Komthetho
- Bonke abantu base-Australia kumele balandele umthetho
- Akekho umuntu ophezulu komthetho
- Izinqubo zenkolo noma zesiko zingaphuli umthetho
- Ukwehlukana akusivikeli ukuguqula imithetho noma izimvo
4. Demokrasi Yashiphakamayo
- Imithetho yenziwa yiphalamende elikhethwe
- Imithetho ingaguqulwa kuphela ngendlela yedemokrasi
- Amandla avela kubadayisi ngokwethikhetheko
- Ukubamba iqhaza ngokuthula endleleni yedemokrasi
5. Ukufanana Kwabantu Bonke
- Amalungelo afana kwabadoda nabafazi
- Ithuba elifanayo ngaphandle kokubhekwa ngokwesiqu
- Akukho ukwehlulwa ngokwesini, umbala noma inkolo
- Ithuba elifanayo yonke into
IsiNgisi Njenge Lulwimi Lomphakathi
Ngenkathi i-Australia ihlonza ukuhlukana, isiNgisi yilulwimi lomphakathi futhi usiza ukuhlangana yonke i-Australia. Ukufunda isiNgisi kusiza:
- Ukufunda
- Ukuthola umsebenzi
- Ukubambisana nomphakathi
- Ukubamba iqhaza empilweni ye-Australia
Izimpawu Ze-Australia
Iflegi yase-Australia
Iflegi yase-Australia inamaphuzu:
- I-Union Jack: Ikhombisa izinxenye zembala ne-Britain
- I-Commonwealth Star: Amaphuzu ayisikhombisa aquka amazwe amatshatshani
- I-Southern Cross: Isibonakalisi esivela eNingizimu
Inhlede Yomphakathi wase-Australia
"Qhubeka Australia Fair"
Imigqa edingeka ukukhumbulwa:
- "Bonke base-Australia masibongele, Ngoba siyinye siyakhululekile"
- "Sinezimpahla zegolide namandla okusebenza"
- "Izwe lethu linezimpahla zokudala"
- "Emlandweni wethu, masiqhubeke, Siqhubeke base-Australia"
Izimpawu Zomphakathi wase-Commonwealth
Amaphuzu:
- Ikangaroo ne-Emu: Izilwane zaseNingizimu ezingakwazi ukuhamba ngemuva (sichaza ukukhula)
- Isihlangu: Sinezimpawu zamaphepha amatshatshani
- I-Gold Commonwealth Star: Ngaphezu kwesihlangu
- I-Golden Wattle: Isihlahla sezwe se-Australia
Amakhala Omphakathi wase-Australia
Okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza - ethathwe kwi-wattle yesibhakabhaka, imbali yomphakathi yase-Australia
Izinsuku Zomphakathi Ezisivikela
| Holiday | Date | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Australia Day | 26 January | Anniversary of First Fleet arrival (1788) |
| Anzac Day | 25 April | Remembers sacrifice of Australian and New Zealand forces |
| Queen's Birthday | Second Monday in June | Celebrates official birthday of monarch |
Izimo Zembala Ezibalulekile
1788
Umfuti Wokuqala ufika eSydney Cove mhla zingu-26 Januwari
1851
Ukuqala kwezinhloso zokugcina, zidala ukufika kwamakhulu abantu emhlabeni jikelele
1901
Ukuhlangana - imiphakathi yobudala emihlanu ihlangana ukwenza i-Commonwealth yase-Australia (mhla zingu-1 Januwari)
1915
Amajoni we-ANZAC afika ePalipoli (mhla zingu-25 Apreli)
1945
Ukuphela kwamaSiko Omhlaba Wesibili, okuqala kwenkampani yokufika
1967
Ukuqeda kwesivikela sokubala abantu base-Aboriginal kubala
Abantu Ababalulekile
- Ukapteini James Cook: Wathatha umbala wamaphakade we-Britain ngo-1770
- Ukapteini Arthur Phillip: Ongqongqoshe Wokuqala, wasungula indawo yeSydney
- Ukapteini Sir Edmund Barton: Ongqongqoshe Wokuqala we-Australia
- Ukapteini Sir Donald Bradman: Umculi wamacricket omkhulu
- Howard Florey: Waphucula iphenicilini njengemithi
Amacebo Okugquba Ukuhlola
Isifundo Sokufunda
- Qala Ngezinga: Qala ngemibuzo yeziqu ze-Australia
- Sebenzisa Izinsiza Eziningi: Hlanganisa amaphepha etesthi wethu namaphepha okwesiqu
- Funda Nsuku Zonke: Amaminithi ayishumi nesishiyagalombili nsuku zonke kungcono kunokufunda ngokushesha
- Funda NgesiNgisi: Noma ufunda amacebo ngolunye ulimi
- Qondisisa: Ungafundi kuphela - qondisisa amacebo
Amaphutha Ajwayelekile Okufanele Ungazivikeli
- Ukungafundi ngokuphelele ngezinga lase-Australia
- Ukuphazamisa izidingo zikahulumeni wesizwe nendawo
- Ukuphazamisa izinsuku zembala
- Ukungaqondi incazelo yomthetho
- Ukusheshisa ngemibuzo ngaphandle kokufunda ngokucophelela